well i'd still need to pick up some real hobbies (= not video games), somehow gain confidence, and gain social skills while not wanting to kill myself after every awkward conversation
all of this seems like way too much trouble and effort for uncertain outcome
The question mark [ ? ] (also known as interrogation point, query, or eroteme in journalism)[1] is a punctuation mark that indicates an interrogative clause or phrase in many languages. The question mark is not used for indirect questions. The question mark glyph is also often used in place of missing or unknown data. In Unicode, it is encoded at U+003F ? QUESTION MARK (HTML ?).
Contents [hide]
1 History
2 Scope
3 In other languages and scripts
3.1 Opening and closing question marks
3.2 Armenian question mark
3.3 Greek question mark
3.4 Mirrored question mark
3.5 Fullwidth question mark
3.6 In other scripts
4 Stylistic variants
5 Rhetorical question mark
6 Computing
7 Games
8 Mathematics
9 Medicine
10 See also
11 Notes
12 References
13 External links
History[edit]
Lynne Truss attributes an early form of the modern question mark in western language to Alcuin of York.[2] Truss describes the punctus interrogativus of the late 8th century as "a lightning flash, striking from right to left".[3] (The punctuation system of Aelius Donatus, current through the Early Middle Ages, used only simple dots at various heights.)
This earliest question mark was a decoration of one of these dots, with the "lightning flash" perhaps meant to denote intonation, and perhaps associated with early musical notation like neumes. Another possibility is that it was originally a tilde or titlo, as in " ·~ ", one of many wavy or more or less slanted marks used in medieval texts for denoting things such as abbreviations, which would later become various diacritics or ligatures.[4][5] Over the next three centuries this pitch-defining element (if it ever existed) seems to have been forgotten, so that the Alcuinesque stroke-over-dot sign (with the stroke sometimes slightly curved) is often seen indifferently at the end of clauses, whether they embody a question or not.
In the early 13th century, when the growth of communities of scholars (universities) in Paris and other major cities led to an expansion and streamlining of the book-production trade,[6] punctuation was rationalized by assigning Alcuin's stroke-over-dot specifically to interrogatives; by this time the stroke was more sharply curved and can easily be recognized as the modern question mark. Also the question mark refers to a very remarkable standard of how it changes the human understanding of words.
It has also been suggested that the glyph derives from the Latin quaestiō (that is, qvaestio), meaning "question", which was abbreviated during the Middle Ages to qo.[7] The lowercase q was written above the lowercase o, and this mark was transformed into the modern symbol. However, evidence of the actual use of the Q-over-o notation in medieval manuscripts is lacking; if anything, medieval forms of the upper component seem to be evolving towards the q-shape rather than away from it.[citation needed]
One possible origin of the question mark from Latin.
According to a 2011 discovery by a Cambridge manuscript expert, Syriac was the first language to use a punctuation mark to indicate an interrogative sentence. The Syriac question mark has the form of a vertical double dot.[8]
Scope[edit]
In English, the question mark typically occurs at the end of a sentence, where it replaces the full stop (period). However, it may also occur at the end of a clause or phrase, where it replaces the comma:[9]
Is it good in form? style? meaning?
or,
'Showing off for him, for all of them, not out of hubris—hubris? him? what did he have to be hubrid about?—but from mood and nervousness.'[10]
This is quite common in Spanish, where the use of bracketing question marks explicitly indicates the scope of interrogation.
En el caso de que no puedas ir con ellos, ¿quieres ir con nosotros? (In case you cannot go with them, would you like to go with us?)
A question mark may also appear immediately after questionable data, such as dates:
Genghis Khan (1162?–1227)
However, interrogative requests typically use a full stop (period) rather than a question mark[citation needed]:
Will you please forward my mail.
In other languages and scripts[edit]
Opening and closing question marks[edit]
Opening and closing question marks
In Spanish, since the second edition of the Ortografía of the Royal Academy in 1754, interrogatives require both opening (¿) and closing (?) question marks.[11][12] An interrogative sentence, clause, or phrase begins with an inverted question mark ⟨¿⟩ and ends with the question mark ⟨?⟩, as in:
Ella me pregunta «¿qué hora es?» – She asks me, "What time is it?"[13]
Question marks must always be matched, but to mark uncertainty rather than actual interrogation omitting the opening one is allowed, although discouraged:[14]
Gengis Kan (¿1162?–1227) is better than Gengis Kan (1162?–1227)
The omission of the opening mark is common in informal writing, but is considered an error. The one exception is when the question mark is matched with an exclamation mark, as in:
¡Quién te has creído que eres? – Who do you think you are?!
(The order may also be reversed, opening with a question mark and closing with an exclamation mark.) Nonetheless, even here the Academy recommends matching punctuation:[15]
¡¿Quién te has creído que eres?!
Other languages of Spain: Catalan and Galician also uses the inverted opening question mark though usually only in long sentences or in cases which would otherwise be ambiguous. Basque only use one question mark.
Armenian question mark[edit]
Question mark in Armenian
In Armenian the question mark ( ՞ ) takes the form of an open circle and is placed over the last vowel of the question word. It is defined in Unicode at U+055E ՞ ARMENIAN QUESTION MARK.
Greek question mark[edit]
The Greek question mark (Greek: ερωτηματικό, erōtīmatikó (;)) appeared around the same time as the Latin one, in the 8th century.[16] It was adopted by Church Slavonic and eventually settled on a form essentially similar to the Latin semicolon. In Unicode, it is separately encoded as U+037E ; GREEK QUESTION MARK, but the similarity is so great that the code point canonically decomposes to U+003B ; SEMICOLON making the marks identical in practice.[17]
Mirrored question mark[edit]
Not to be confused with Irony punctuation.
Mirrored question mark in Arabic and Persian
In Arabic and languages that use Arabic script such as Persian and Urdu, which are written from right to left, the question mark ؟ is mirrored right-to-left from the English question mark. (Some browsers may display the character in the previous sentence as a forward question mark due to font or text directionality issues).
In Unicode, two encodings are available: U+061F ؟ ARABIC QUESTION MARK (HTML ؟ · With Bidi code AL: Right-to-Left Arabic) and U+2E2E ⸮ REVERSED QUESTION MARK (HTML ⸮ · With bi-directional code Other Neutrals).
Hebrew and Yiddish are also written right-to-left, but they use a question mark that appears on the page in the same orientation as the Roman-alphabet question mark.[18]
Fullwidth question mark[edit]
The question mark is also used in modern writing in Chinese, and Japanese, although it is not strictly necessary in either. Usually it is written as fullwidth form in Chinese and Japanese, in Unicode: U+FF1F ? FULLWIDTH QUESTION MARK (HTML ?).
In other scripts[edit]
Some other scripts have a specific question mark:
U+1367 ፧ ETHIOPIC QUESTION MARK
U+A60F ꘏ VAI QUESTION MARK
U+2CFA ⳺ COPTIC OLD NUBIAN DIRECT QUESTION MARK and U+2CFB ⳻ COPTIC OLD NUBIAN INDIRECT QUESTION MARK
Stylistic variants[edit]
French usage must include a non-breaking space before the question mark (for example, "Que voulez-vous boire ?"),[19] whereas in the English language orthography no space is allowed in front of the question mark (e.g. "What do you drink?"), see also: Plenken.
In typography, some stylistic variants and combinations are available:
U+2047 ⁇ DOUBLE QUESTION MARK (HTML ⁇)
U+FE56 ﹖ SMALL QUESTION MARK (HTML ﹖)
U+2048 ⁈ QUESTION EXCLAMATION MARK (HTML ⁈)
U+2049 ⁉ EXCLAMATION QUESTION MARK (HTML ⁉)
U+203D ‽ INTERROBANG (HTML ‽)
Rhetorical question mark[edit]
Main article: Irony mark
The rhetorical question mark or percontation point was invented by Henry Denham in the 1580s and was used at the end of a rhetorical question; however, its use died out in the 17th century. It was later revived in modern-day society by Matt DiRoberto. It was the reverse of an ordinary question mark, so that instead of the main opening pointing back into the sentence, it opened away from it.[20] This character can be represented using the reversed question mark (⸮) found in Unicode as U+2E2E. The percontation point is analogous to the Irony mark, but these are very rarely seen.
Bracketed question marks can be used for rhetorical questions, for example "Oh, really(?)", in informal contexts such as subtitles. For an ironic or sarcastic statement, a bracketed exclamation mark may be used: "Oh, really(!)".
The question mark can also be used as a meta-sign to signal uncertainty regarding what precedes. It is usually put between brackets (?). The uncertainty may concern either a superficial (such as unsure spelling) or a deeper truth (real meaning) level.
Computing[edit]
In computing, the question mark character is represented by ASCII code 63 (0x3F hexadecimal), and is located at Unicode code-point U+003F. The full-width (double-byte) equivalent, ?, is located at Unicode code-point U+FF1F. The HTML codes for this character are ? and &63.[21]
The question mark is often utilized as a wildcard character: a symbol that can be used to substitute for any other character or characters in a string. In particular "?" is used as a substitute for any one character as opposed to the asterisk, "*", which can be used as a substitute for zero or more characters in a string. The inverted question mark (¿) corresponds to Unicode code-point 191 (U+00BF), and can be accessed from the keyboard in Microsoft Windows on the default US layout by holding down the Alt key and typing either 1 6 8 (ANSI) or 0 1 9 1 (Unicode) on the numeric keypad. In GNOME applications, it can be entered by typing the hexadecimal Unicode character while holding down both ctrl and shift, i.e.: ctrl+shift+BF. In recent XFree86 and X.Org incarnations of the X Window System, it can be accessed as a compose sequence of two straight question marks, i.e. pressing <Compose> ? ? yields ¿. In classic Mac OS and macOS, the key combo Option+Shift+? produces an inverted question mark.
The question mark is used in ASCII renderings of the International Phonetic Alphabet, such as SAMPA in place of the glottal stop symbol, ʔ, (which resembles "?" without the dot), and corresponds to Unicode code point U+0294, Latin letter glottal stop.
In computer programming, the symbol "?" has a special meaning in many programming languages. In C-descended languages, "?" is part of the ?: operator, which is used to evaluate simple boolean conditions. In C# 2.0, the "?" modifier is used to handle nullable data types and "??" is the null coalescing operator. In the POSIX syntax for regular expressions, such as the one used in Perl and Python, ? stands for "zero or one instance of the previous subexpression", i.e. an optional element. In certain implementations of the BASIC programming language, the "?" character may be used as a shorthand for the "print" function; in others (notably the BBC BASIC family), "?" is used to address a single-byte memory location. In OCaml, the question mark precedes the label for an optional parameter. In Scheme, as a convention, symbol names ending in ? are used for predicates such as odd?, null?, and eq?. Similarly, in Ruby, method names ending in ? are used for predicates. In Swift, a type followed by "?" denotes an option type; "?" is also used in "optional chaining", where if an option value is nil, it ignores the following operations.
In many web browsers and other computer programs, when converting text between encodings, it may not be possible to map some characters into the target character set. In this situation it is common to replace each unmappable character with a question mark “?", inverted question mark “¿", or the Unicode replacement character “�" (U+FFFD, usually rendered as a white question mark in a black diamond). This commonly occurs for apostrophes and quotation marks when they are written with software that uses its own proprietary non-standard code for these characters, such as Microsoft's Smart Quotes.
The generic URL syntax allows for a query string to be appended to a resource location in a web address so that additional information can be passed to a script; the query mark, ?, is used to indicate the start of a query string. A query string is usually made up of a number of different field/value pairs, each separated by the ampersand symbol, &, as seen in this URL:
Here, a script on the page login.php on the server www.example.com is to provide a response to the query string containing the pairs "username"-"test" and "password"-"blank".
(Sending username / password in a query string is a very bad practice because then passwords will appear in plaintext in browser history)
Games[edit]
In algebraic chess notation, "?" denotes a bad move, and "??" a blunder, "?!" a dubious move and "!?" an interesting move. For details of all of the chess punctuation see punctuation (chess).
In Scrabble, a question mark indicates a blank tile.[22]
Mathematics[edit]
In mathematics, "?" commonly denotes Minkowski's question mark function. In equations, it can mean "questioned" as opposed to "defined".
U+225F ≟ QUESTIONED EQUAL TO
U+2A7B ⩻ LESS-THAN WITH QUESTION MARK ABOVE
U+2A7C ⩼ GREATER-THAN WITH QUESTION MARK ABOVE
Medicine[edit]
A question mark is used in English medical notes to suggest a possible diagnosis. It facilitates the recording of a doctor's impressions regarding a patient's symptoms and signs. For example, for a patient presenting with left lower abdominal pain, a differential diagnosis might include "?diverticulitis" (read as 'query diverticulitis').
See also[edit]
Exclamation mark
Interrobang
Irony point
Terminal punctuation
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Truss, Lynne. Eats, Shoots & Leaves, 2003. p. 139. ISBN 978-1-86197-612-3.
Jump up ^ Lynne Truss. Eats, Shoots & Leaves, 2003. p. 76. ISBN 1-59240-087-6.
Jump up ^ Typografie.info Archived October 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ M. B. Parkes, Pause and effect: punctuation in the west, ISBN 0-520-07941-8.
Jump up ^ The Straight Dope on the question mark Archived July 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. (link down)
Jump up ^ De Hamel, Christopher History of Illuminated Manuscripts, 1997
Jump up ^ Brewer, E. C. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, 1870 (rev. 1894), s.v. 'Punctuation'.
Jump up ^ "Syriac double dot: World's earliest question mark". CBS News. 22 July 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
Jump up ^ See also question comma.
Jump up ^ Stanley Elkin, 1991, The MacGuffin, p. 173
Jump up ^ Truss, Lynn (2004). Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation. New York: Gotham Books. pp. 142–143. ISBN 1-59240-087-6.
Jump up ^ Real Academia Española, ed. (1754). Ortografía de la Lengua Castellana.
Jump up ^ Upside Down Exclamation Point
Jump up ^ Interrogación y exclamación (signos de). Punto 3d.
Jump up ^ Interrogación y exclamación (signos de). Punto 3b.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Edward Maunde. An Introduction to Greek and Latin Palaiography, pp. 60 f. Clarendon Press (Oxford), 1912.
Jump up ^ Nicolas, Nick. "Greek Unicode Issues: Punctuation Archived November 20, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.". 2005. Accessed 7 Oct 2014.
Jump up ^ Truss, Lynne. Eats, Shoots & Leaves, 2003. p. 143. ISBN 1-59240-087-6.
Jump up ^ Book typography, Ari Rafaeli, 2005
Jump up ^ Truss, Lynne. Eats, Shoots & Leaves, 2003. p. 142. ISBN 1-59240-087-6.
Jump up ^ "Character Codes -- HTML Codes, Hexadecimal Codes & HTML Names ❤ ❤". www.character-code.com. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Scrabble Glossary". Tucson Scrabble Club. Retrieved 2012-02-06.
References[edit]
Lupton, Ellen and Miller, J. Abbott, "Period styles: a punctuated history", in The Norton Reader 11th edition, ed. Linda H. Peterson, Norton, 2003 Online excerpt (at least)
Parkes, M.B., Pause and Effect: an Introduction to the History of Punctuation in the West, University of California Press, 1993
Truss, Lynne, Eats, Shoots & Leaves Gotham Books, NY, p. 139
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Question mark.
The question mark and indirect questions
Categories: Interrogative words and phrasesPunctuationTypographical symbols
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posting emo stuff is ok with me but saying you don't have a gf (and feel bad about it) and yet don't want to spend ressources on finding one, is stupid
well i feel lonely but at the same time, fear of rejection and being ridiculed by my surroundings gets far bigger once i think about getting to know someone
i would most likely just sperg out and say some bullshit or just grin like a retard while trying not to jump out of the window
it doesn't really matter how well would i thought out conversations beforehand because im hardly able to express myself properly
and practicing to get rid of this would need dozens of attempts to talk to people while looking like a creep/weirdo which would kill any of my chances to get to know someone anyway
despite it's not really the best feeling, spending 99% of my time inside alone, i guess i grew kinda comfortable in this
despite saying things like "shy people are cute" etc
the only reason why someone would find such person cute would be the looks and the typical shy things like staring down, talking quietly etc
noone finds actually shy and socially awkward people cute, even more so if you are anywhere below 8/10 with looks. even though i'd like to think the opposite, i've already seen people like this and it's not anyhow likeable, you need to force yourself to actually have interest in them (one of the examples i can think of now is one of my former classmates, he's one of the few people i was talking to, he was good at math too etc, so it didnt take any effort to cross this barrier since we were on the same boat but i knew that it's still there. despite some girls calling him cute etc, they would NEVER ask him out on date or anything like that, despite him being clever, nice guy)
u need to learn to not give a shit about other peoples opinions
don't u live in a dorm now? are ur roommates like u? ask them to take you somewhere, what do u enjoy? drinking/bars can be fun with good friends, even if you might not enjoy it by yourself, look for people to sit next to during class, ask them regular stuff (hows class going/do u think this is hard radi rada), ask them to mb study with u etc
i think the fact that at uni u got wayyyy more students than at high school offers more opportunities, because even if u fuck up, nobody will notice - whereas in highschool with 20 ppl/class people will know when u get ditched by a girl
idk my uni group are almost all nice and chill ppl unlike my former classmates in both school and basically any group of 5+ ppl that i used to know and i have no problems and feel no pressure when communicating with them, joking, asking, dropping hot memes etc. and we have good relationships even tho most of them are classic normies
when it comes to random ppl in the street or wherever else tho it's an entirely different story, i even feel uncomfortable when i'm in a lift with ppl because i try not to look at them like a creep and not to stare at one point like a retard so most of the times i just ned up looking at the floor counter pretending i'm thinking about smth important
this is real unhealthy i think and i should probably get rid of it but idk how
(one of the examples i can think of now is one of my former classmates, he's one of the few people i was talking to, he was good at math too etc, so it didnt take any effort to cross this barrier since we were on the same boat but i knew that it's still there. despite some girls calling him cute etc, they would NEVER ask him out on date or anything like that, despite him being clever, nice guy)
that is because its a guys task to take a girl out, and if actually everybody was calling him cute it'd not have been/be very hard for him to find a date
idk, just do it i guess xd i used to be like that as well, looking on the ground while walking outside becuase i didnt want to look anybody in the eyes and shit, but really, other people eihter got similar issues and/or don't give a flying fuck about u, even if u yelled HELLO at them they'd probably forget after 30 seconds
it was just a fake sympathy
noone would find him attractive enough to think that they'd have something with him
typical beta guy like me, except that i decided to refuse all of this fakeness and just ignored 95% of people in my class because i was sick of their shit
well one of the roommates is here like once a week
i'm talking regularly with the other guy, he's pretty chill and goes out at the times but he's just casually dating women and i'm not really able to do that, i'd rather have a serious relationship but what girl would want that in their 20s? also i'm not really into partying, going to clubs/pubs and stuff
also i'm leaving the dorm in a month anyway since i'm not passing this semester
ithink shes pretty, but im lenient
has anyone watched the town btw?
shes cute but she seems fat so thats a solid 5/7
im gonna wait till 8 pm to post the thread since all the front page threads are posted around that time
good movie
yes let's go, i'll copy paste a comment that i write here let's do this
i dont think that qualifies as fat tbh
whers my boy allyson to tell you guys that she is infact ugly af
btw @ywn what happened to your last thread
your post and profile ended up deleted
i don't think dating experience is important tbh
u just gotta grow some balls and approach ppl
ill post this photo here so i dont forget about it
i deleted it cause i realized it was a bad time to post it
i dont think that dating experience is important, either, esp. since ur inexperience might come off as cute
thoe look like attention whоres to me tbh
is the jackie chan joke still meta in 2017
oh well
they both look like jackie chan to me
well i'd still need to pick up some real hobbies (= not video games), somehow gain confidence, and gain social skills while not wanting to kill myself after every awkward conversation
all of this seems like way too much trouble and effort for uncertain outcome
>video games not being a real hobby
lul
then don't complain i'm in the same situation and don't cry LUL
wat
never heard of that joke before
mb it's just a russian thing then idk
whys arin ignoring my superbad comparison
because he doesn;t look like the guy at all?
i think you brought this up a few dozens pages ago
after a while i guess i can see why you think that i look like that guy, but i don't really look like him
is playing video games something you'd put into your resume as your main interest?
i think not
also regardless of their growth i'm still pretty sure that most of the normies still look down to people playing games
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ??????????????????????????????????????
The question mark [ ? ] (also known as interrogation point, query, or eroteme in journalism)[1] is a punctuation mark that indicates an interrogative clause or phrase in many languages. The question mark is not used for indirect questions. The question mark glyph is also often used in place of missing or unknown data. In Unicode, it is encoded at U+003F ? QUESTION MARK (HTML ?).
Contents [hide]
1 History
2 Scope
3 In other languages and scripts
3.1 Opening and closing question marks
3.2 Armenian question mark
3.3 Greek question mark
3.4 Mirrored question mark
3.5 Fullwidth question mark
3.6 In other scripts
4 Stylistic variants
5 Rhetorical question mark
6 Computing
7 Games
8 Mathematics
9 Medicine
10 See also
11 Notes
12 References
13 External links
History[edit]
Lynne Truss attributes an early form of the modern question mark in western language to Alcuin of York.[2] Truss describes the punctus interrogativus of the late 8th century as "a lightning flash, striking from right to left".[3] (The punctuation system of Aelius Donatus, current through the Early Middle Ages, used only simple dots at various heights.)
This earliest question mark was a decoration of one of these dots, with the "lightning flash" perhaps meant to denote intonation, and perhaps associated with early musical notation like neumes. Another possibility is that it was originally a tilde or titlo, as in " ·~ ", one of many wavy or more or less slanted marks used in medieval texts for denoting things such as abbreviations, which would later become various diacritics or ligatures.[4][5] Over the next three centuries this pitch-defining element (if it ever existed) seems to have been forgotten, so that the Alcuinesque stroke-over-dot sign (with the stroke sometimes slightly curved) is often seen indifferently at the end of clauses, whether they embody a question or not.
In the early 13th century, when the growth of communities of scholars (universities) in Paris and other major cities led to an expansion and streamlining of the book-production trade,[6] punctuation was rationalized by assigning Alcuin's stroke-over-dot specifically to interrogatives; by this time the stroke was more sharply curved and can easily be recognized as the modern question mark. Also the question mark refers to a very remarkable standard of how it changes the human understanding of words.
It has also been suggested that the glyph derives from the Latin quaestiō (that is, qvaestio), meaning "question", which was abbreviated during the Middle Ages to qo.[7] The lowercase q was written above the lowercase o, and this mark was transformed into the modern symbol. However, evidence of the actual use of the Q-over-o notation in medieval manuscripts is lacking; if anything, medieval forms of the upper component seem to be evolving towards the q-shape rather than away from it.[citation needed]
One possible origin of the question mark from Latin.
According to a 2011 discovery by a Cambridge manuscript expert, Syriac was the first language to use a punctuation mark to indicate an interrogative sentence. The Syriac question mark has the form of a vertical double dot.[8]
Scope[edit]
In English, the question mark typically occurs at the end of a sentence, where it replaces the full stop (period). However, it may also occur at the end of a clause or phrase, where it replaces the comma:[9]
Is it good in form? style? meaning?
or,
'Showing off for him, for all of them, not out of hubris—hubris? him? what did he have to be hubrid about?—but from mood and nervousness.'[10]
This is quite common in Spanish, where the use of bracketing question marks explicitly indicates the scope of interrogation.
En el caso de que no puedas ir con ellos, ¿quieres ir con nosotros? (In case you cannot go with them, would you like to go with us?)
A question mark may also appear immediately after questionable data, such as dates:
Genghis Khan (1162?–1227)
However, interrogative requests typically use a full stop (period) rather than a question mark[citation needed]:
Will you please forward my mail.
In other languages and scripts[edit]
Opening and closing question marks[edit]
Opening and closing question marks
In Spanish, since the second edition of the Ortografía of the Royal Academy in 1754, interrogatives require both opening (¿) and closing (?) question marks.[11][12] An interrogative sentence, clause, or phrase begins with an inverted question mark ⟨¿⟩ and ends with the question mark ⟨?⟩, as in:
Ella me pregunta «¿qué hora es?» – She asks me, "What time is it?"[13]
Question marks must always be matched, but to mark uncertainty rather than actual interrogation omitting the opening one is allowed, although discouraged:[14]
Gengis Kan (¿1162?–1227) is better than Gengis Kan (1162?–1227)
The omission of the opening mark is common in informal writing, but is considered an error. The one exception is when the question mark is matched with an exclamation mark, as in:
¡Quién te has creído que eres? – Who do you think you are?!
(The order may also be reversed, opening with a question mark and closing with an exclamation mark.) Nonetheless, even here the Academy recommends matching punctuation:[15]
¡¿Quién te has creído que eres?!
Other languages of Spain: Catalan and Galician also uses the inverted opening question mark though usually only in long sentences or in cases which would otherwise be ambiguous. Basque only use one question mark.
Armenian question mark[edit]
Question mark in Armenian
In Armenian the question mark ( ՞ ) takes the form of an open circle and is placed over the last vowel of the question word. It is defined in Unicode at U+055E ՞ ARMENIAN QUESTION MARK.
Greek question mark[edit]
The Greek question mark (Greek: ερωτηματικό, erōtīmatikó (;)) appeared around the same time as the Latin one, in the 8th century.[16] It was adopted by Church Slavonic and eventually settled on a form essentially similar to the Latin semicolon. In Unicode, it is separately encoded as U+037E ; GREEK QUESTION MARK, but the similarity is so great that the code point canonically decomposes to U+003B ; SEMICOLON making the marks identical in practice.[17]
Mirrored question mark[edit]
Not to be confused with Irony punctuation.
Mirrored question mark in Arabic and Persian
In Arabic and languages that use Arabic script such as Persian and Urdu, which are written from right to left, the question mark ؟ is mirrored right-to-left from the English question mark. (Some browsers may display the character in the previous sentence as a forward question mark due to font or text directionality issues).
In Unicode, two encodings are available: U+061F ؟ ARABIC QUESTION MARK (HTML ؟ · With Bidi code AL: Right-to-Left Arabic) and U+2E2E ⸮ REVERSED QUESTION MARK (HTML ⸮ · With bi-directional code Other Neutrals).
Hebrew and Yiddish are also written right-to-left, but they use a question mark that appears on the page in the same orientation as the Roman-alphabet question mark.[18]
Fullwidth question mark[edit]
The question mark is also used in modern writing in Chinese, and Japanese, although it is not strictly necessary in either. Usually it is written as fullwidth form in Chinese and Japanese, in Unicode: U+FF1F ? FULLWIDTH QUESTION MARK (HTML ?).
In other scripts[edit]
Some other scripts have a specific question mark:
U+1367 ፧ ETHIOPIC QUESTION MARK
U+A60F ꘏ VAI QUESTION MARK
U+2CFA ⳺ COPTIC OLD NUBIAN DIRECT QUESTION MARK and U+2CFB ⳻ COPTIC OLD NUBIAN INDIRECT QUESTION MARK
Stylistic variants[edit]
French usage must include a non-breaking space before the question mark (for example, "Que voulez-vous boire ?"),[19] whereas in the English language orthography no space is allowed in front of the question mark (e.g. "What do you drink?"), see also: Plenken.
In typography, some stylistic variants and combinations are available:
U+2047 ⁇ DOUBLE QUESTION MARK (HTML ⁇)
U+FE56 ﹖ SMALL QUESTION MARK (HTML ﹖)
U+2048 ⁈ QUESTION EXCLAMATION MARK (HTML ⁈)
U+2049 ⁉ EXCLAMATION QUESTION MARK (HTML ⁉)
U+203D ‽ INTERROBANG (HTML ‽)
Rhetorical question mark[edit]
Main article: Irony mark
The rhetorical question mark or percontation point was invented by Henry Denham in the 1580s and was used at the end of a rhetorical question; however, its use died out in the 17th century. It was later revived in modern-day society by Matt DiRoberto. It was the reverse of an ordinary question mark, so that instead of the main opening pointing back into the sentence, it opened away from it.[20] This character can be represented using the reversed question mark (⸮) found in Unicode as U+2E2E. The percontation point is analogous to the Irony mark, but these are very rarely seen.
Bracketed question marks can be used for rhetorical questions, for example "Oh, really(?)", in informal contexts such as subtitles. For an ironic or sarcastic statement, a bracketed exclamation mark may be used: "Oh, really(!)".
The question mark can also be used as a meta-sign to signal uncertainty regarding what precedes. It is usually put between brackets (?). The uncertainty may concern either a superficial (such as unsure spelling) or a deeper truth (real meaning) level.
Computing[edit]
In computing, the question mark character is represented by ASCII code 63 (0x3F hexadecimal), and is located at Unicode code-point U+003F. The full-width (double-byte) equivalent, ?, is located at Unicode code-point U+FF1F. The HTML codes for this character are ? and &63.[21]
The question mark is often utilized as a wildcard character: a symbol that can be used to substitute for any other character or characters in a string. In particular "?" is used as a substitute for any one character as opposed to the asterisk, "*", which can be used as a substitute for zero or more characters in a string. The inverted question mark (¿) corresponds to Unicode code-point 191 (U+00BF), and can be accessed from the keyboard in Microsoft Windows on the default US layout by holding down the Alt key and typing either 1 6 8 (ANSI) or 0 1 9 1 (Unicode) on the numeric keypad. In GNOME applications, it can be entered by typing the hexadecimal Unicode character while holding down both ctrl and shift, i.e.: ctrl+shift+BF. In recent XFree86 and X.Org incarnations of the X Window System, it can be accessed as a compose sequence of two straight question marks, i.e. pressing <Compose> ? ? yields ¿. In classic Mac OS and macOS, the key combo Option+Shift+? produces an inverted question mark.
The question mark is used in ASCII renderings of the International Phonetic Alphabet, such as SAMPA in place of the glottal stop symbol, ʔ, (which resembles "?" without the dot), and corresponds to Unicode code point U+0294, Latin letter glottal stop.
In computer programming, the symbol "?" has a special meaning in many programming languages. In C-descended languages, "?" is part of the ?: operator, which is used to evaluate simple boolean conditions. In C# 2.0, the "?" modifier is used to handle nullable data types and "??" is the null coalescing operator. In the POSIX syntax for regular expressions, such as the one used in Perl and Python, ? stands for "zero or one instance of the previous subexpression", i.e. an optional element. In certain implementations of the BASIC programming language, the "?" character may be used as a shorthand for the "print" function; in others (notably the BBC BASIC family), "?" is used to address a single-byte memory location. In OCaml, the question mark precedes the label for an optional parameter. In Scheme, as a convention, symbol names ending in ? are used for predicates such as odd?, null?, and eq?. Similarly, in Ruby, method names ending in ? are used for predicates. In Swift, a type followed by "?" denotes an option type; "?" is also used in "optional chaining", where if an option value is nil, it ignores the following operations.
In many web browsers and other computer programs, when converting text between encodings, it may not be possible to map some characters into the target character set. In this situation it is common to replace each unmappable character with a question mark “?", inverted question mark “¿", or the Unicode replacement character “�" (U+FFFD, usually rendered as a white question mark in a black diamond). This commonly occurs for apostrophes and quotation marks when they are written with software that uses its own proprietary non-standard code for these characters, such as Microsoft's Smart Quotes.
The generic URL syntax allows for a query string to be appended to a resource location in a web address so that additional information can be passed to a script; the query mark, ?, is used to indicate the start of a query string. A query string is usually made up of a number of different field/value pairs, each separated by the ampersand symbol, &, as seen in this URL:
http://www.example.com/login.php?username=test&password=blank
Here, a script on the page login.php on the server www.example.com is to provide a response to the query string containing the pairs "username"-"test" and "password"-"blank".
(Sending username / password in a query string is a very bad practice because then passwords will appear in plaintext in browser history)
Games[edit]
In algebraic chess notation, "?" denotes a bad move, and "??" a blunder, "?!" a dubious move and "!?" an interesting move. For details of all of the chess punctuation see punctuation (chess).
In Scrabble, a question mark indicates a blank tile.[22]
Mathematics[edit]
In mathematics, "?" commonly denotes Minkowski's question mark function. In equations, it can mean "questioned" as opposed to "defined".
U+225F ≟ QUESTIONED EQUAL TO
U+2A7B ⩻ LESS-THAN WITH QUESTION MARK ABOVE
U+2A7C ⩼ GREATER-THAN WITH QUESTION MARK ABOVE
Medicine[edit]
A question mark is used in English medical notes to suggest a possible diagnosis. It facilitates the recording of a doctor's impressions regarding a patient's symptoms and signs. For example, for a patient presenting with left lower abdominal pain, a differential diagnosis might include "?diverticulitis" (read as 'query diverticulitis').
See also[edit]
Exclamation mark
Interrobang
Irony point
Terminal punctuation
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Truss, Lynne. Eats, Shoots & Leaves, 2003. p. 139. ISBN 978-1-86197-612-3.
Jump up ^ Lynne Truss. Eats, Shoots & Leaves, 2003. p. 76. ISBN 1-59240-087-6.
Jump up ^ Typografie.info Archived October 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ M. B. Parkes, Pause and effect: punctuation in the west, ISBN 0-520-07941-8.
Jump up ^ The Straight Dope on the question mark Archived July 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. (link down)
Jump up ^ De Hamel, Christopher History of Illuminated Manuscripts, 1997
Jump up ^ Brewer, E. C. Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, 1870 (rev. 1894), s.v. 'Punctuation'.
Jump up ^ "Syriac double dot: World's earliest question mark". CBS News. 22 July 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
Jump up ^ See also question comma.
Jump up ^ Stanley Elkin, 1991, The MacGuffin, p. 173
Jump up ^ Truss, Lynn (2004). Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation. New York: Gotham Books. pp. 142–143. ISBN 1-59240-087-6.
Jump up ^ Real Academia Española, ed. (1754). Ortografía de la Lengua Castellana.
Jump up ^ Upside Down Exclamation Point
Jump up ^ Interrogación y exclamación (signos de). Punto 3d.
Jump up ^ Interrogación y exclamación (signos de). Punto 3b.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Edward Maunde. An Introduction to Greek and Latin Palaiography, pp. 60 f. Clarendon Press (Oxford), 1912.
Jump up ^ Nicolas, Nick. "Greek Unicode Issues: Punctuation Archived November 20, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.". 2005. Accessed 7 Oct 2014.
Jump up ^ Truss, Lynne. Eats, Shoots & Leaves, 2003. p. 143. ISBN 1-59240-087-6.
Jump up ^ Book typography, Ari Rafaeli, 2005
Jump up ^ Truss, Lynne. Eats, Shoots & Leaves, 2003. p. 142. ISBN 1-59240-087-6.
Jump up ^ "Character Codes -- HTML Codes, Hexadecimal Codes & HTML Names ❤ ❤". www.character-code.com. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Scrabble Glossary". Tucson Scrabble Club. Retrieved 2012-02-06.
References[edit]
Lupton, Ellen and Miller, J. Abbott, "Period styles: a punctuated history", in The Norton Reader 11th edition, ed. Linda H. Peterson, Norton, 2003 Online excerpt (at least)
Parkes, M.B., Pause and Effect: an Introduction to the History of Punctuation in the West, University of California Press, 1993
Truss, Lynne, Eats, Shoots & Leaves Gotham Books, NY, p. 139
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Question mark.
The question mark and indirect questions
Categories: Interrogative words and phrasesPunctuationTypographical symbols
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need 5k acc to feed myself in lp
mine has 3 hrs ban
i remember someone posted prom photos of you so i thought of the resemblance xd
it's his first game. Next game he's at 4.5k regardless if he stomps 100/0
tfw even on ayy lmao my emo ramblings are unacceptable now
dotabuff users killed ayy lmao long time ago
death to:
ld pickers
slardar pickers
sk pickers
pudge pickers
this looks like an aged n0tail right?
posting emo stuff is ok with me but saying you don't have a gf (and feel bad about it) and yet don't want to spend ressources on finding one, is stupid
well i feel lonely but at the same time, fear of rejection and being ridiculed by my surroundings gets far bigger once i think about getting to know someone
i would most likely just sperg out and say some bullshit or just grin like a retard while trying not to jump out of the window
it doesn't really matter how well would i thought out conversations beforehand because im hardly able to express myself properly
and practicing to get rid of this would need dozens of attempts to talk to people while looking like a creep/weirdo which would kill any of my chances to get to know someone anyway
despite it's not really the best feeling, spending 99% of my time inside alone, i guess i grew kinda comfortable in this
despite saying things like "shy people are cute" etc
the only reason why someone would find such person cute would be the looks and the typical shy things like staring down, talking quietly etc
noone finds actually shy and socially awkward people cute, even more so if you are anywhere below 8/10 with looks. even though i'd like to think the opposite, i've already seen people like this and it's not anyhow likeable, you need to force yourself to actually have interest in them (one of the examples i can think of now is one of my former classmates, he's one of the few people i was talking to, he was good at math too etc, so it didnt take any effort to cross this barrier since we were on the same boat but i knew that it's still there. despite some girls calling him cute etc, they would NEVER ask him out on date or anything like that, despite him being clever, nice guy)
u need to learn to not give a shit about other peoples opinions
don't u live in a dorm now? are ur roommates like u? ask them to take you somewhere, what do u enjoy? drinking/bars can be fun with good friends, even if you might not enjoy it by yourself, look for people to sit next to during class, ask them regular stuff (hows class going/do u think this is hard radi rada), ask them to mb study with u etc
i think the fact that at uni u got wayyyy more students than at high school offers more opportunities, because even if u fuck up, nobody will notice - whereas in highschool with 20 ppl/class people will know when u get ditched by a girl
idk my uni group are almost all nice and chill ppl unlike my former classmates in both school and basically any group of 5+ ppl that i used to know and i have no problems and feel no pressure when communicating with them, joking, asking, dropping hot memes etc. and we have good relationships even tho most of them are classic normies
when it comes to random ppl in the street or wherever else tho it's an entirely different story, i even feel uncomfortable when i'm in a lift with ppl because i try not to look at them like a creep and not to stare at one point like a retard so most of the times i just ned up looking at the floor counter pretending i'm thinking about smth important
this is real unhealthy i think and i should probably get rid of it but idk how
that is because its a guys task to take a girl out, and if actually everybody was calling him cute it'd not have been/be very hard for him to find a date
idk, just do it i guess xd i used to be like that as well, looking on the ground while walking outside becuase i didnt want to look anybody in the eyes and shit, but really, other people eihter got similar issues and/or don't give a flying fuck about u, even if u yelled HELLO at them they'd probably forget after 30 seconds
^^+
yea i realise that
but
fuck off spunki u know what i'm talking about knowing!=doing u fucking spoiled edgy kid
hell, were u outside today? can u remember 2 or 3 faces of ppl u saw? because i can't
no it actually is quite the same, but u haven't internalized it
i mean we will see at the end of the year, when i start studying in another city.. i'm sure i'll be scared as well xd
i tried to stop caring about what people think so i can become more sociable but i went overboard and stopped caring about people xDDDD
it was just a fake sympathy
noone would find him attractive enough to think that they'd have something with him
typical beta guy like me, except that i decided to refuse all of this fakeness and just ignored 95% of people in my class because i was sick of their shit
well one of the roommates is here like once a week
i'm talking regularly with the other guy, he's pretty chill and goes out at the times but he's just casually dating women and i'm not really able to do that, i'd rather have a serious relationship but what girl would want that in their 20s? also i'm not really into partying, going to clubs/pubs and stuff
also i'm leaving the dorm in a month anyway since i'm not passing this semester
damn dude thats rough